This lecture provides a focused review of allergic reactions ranging from mild hypersensitivity responses to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Learners will review the underlying pathophysiology, early recognition of clinical signs and symptoms, and the rapid progression that can occur in severe cases. Special emphasis is placed on evidence-based treatment modalities, including airway management, adjunctive therapies, and the critical role of epinephrine as the first-line intervention. Practical considerations such as dosing, routes of administration, repeat dosing, and common barriers to timely epinephrine use will be highlighted to reinforce prehospital decision-making and improve patient outcomes.

Many agencies have moved away from the Epinephrine auto-injector as it is cost prohibitive and instead moved to permit BLS personnel to administer the medication after drawing it up traditionally.